Quadruplex and multiplex telegraphy.



UNITED lsrarEs PATENT oEEroE.

'l LAWRENCE CONNEI-JLfJR., OF PGRTLAND, OREGON.

ENO. 876,312.

Specification of Letters Patent.

QUADRUPLEX OR MULTIPLEX TELEGRAPHY.

l-atented Jan. '7, 1908.

i Original application filed July 2i 1906.`Serial No. 324.305. Divided and this application tiled March 29. 1907. Serial No. 365.339.

To all whom it may concern;

` Be it known that I, LAWRENCE CONNELL, J r1., a citizen of the United States ,residing at Perth-ind?, `\:lultnomah county, State of Ore- 5 gon, vhave invented certain new and useful -hnpreve'ments in Quadruplex or Multiplex ication.

'This invention relates to improvements in -'I'llele-'graphyI oiiwliich the following isa speci- `lo "quadruplex or multiplexy telegraphy, and this #application is a division of my prior application, Serial Number 24,305, iiled J uly 2, H1906, io?? improvements 1n electro magnets.

The invention is adapted for. use in various -1'5 connections, but finds a special application telegraphv.

- when employed in quadruplex or multiplex `The salient object'of the invention when so 'l ap liedis, to overcome or obviate 'false sig- "2`0 na s in the neutral relay incident to the workmagnetism inthe line. l2 5 end by so constgcucting my improved relay gravity, orVV other outside fomato-'pull the ing of the pole changers on the polar side of the quadruplex, such signals being due to what are technically termed Hmoments of no I-accomplish this that it depends for its operation on no force other than the magnetizing forces developed therein.A That is to'say, I so construct the relay that it is unnecessary to employ la spring,

armature back from the front stop, as has heretofore been usual.

It is Well understood that in quadruplcx telegraphy the common side is vsubject to false signals and that the system is quite sensitive 'to unfavorable Weather conditions, so that nothing but an extremely perfect adjustment of instruments and conditions on ftboth common and polar sides will permit of .0,1420 its successful operation. The chief and most frequentfault inherent in the instruments of the common side is the false signalsl induced moments of no magnetism. Moments of fg fno magnetism are caused by the operation of ..45A the pole changers, which in placing frirst one y' andV then the other pole of the 4battery to the line', inevitably produce intervals When either neither pole is to line. i These moments, al-

llq' l,though`- exceedingly brief,` are nevertheless v r`siiiiicient.to cause false signals, and this is .particularly true in operating long' lines, in "lhichu'ltjhejow of current in the-main line not reach its'maximum and minimum rength instantly thecurrent assumes a `Aboth poles are placed to` line at once, or*l Wave-like aspect Which magniies the mcments ot no magnetism.

It will be obvious that a relay, so constructed that its armature is free from the ac- 'false signals, since its ari'nature will remain passive during the moments of no maguetism. The underlying principle which l emA ploy in constructing such 'a relay' is the disproportionate magnetization of a mass of iron under inductive currents of varied strengths. To explain more speciiically, it is 'found that in magnetizing soft iron the increase or decrease oi magnetism induced in the iron is not at all' proportionalto the increase or decrease of current used.V li, commencing with an extremely small magnetizing force, this force is gradually increased, the corresponding increase in magnetic density Would be as follows: At `first the magnetic density would increase more slowly than the magnetizing force unt-il the latter had risen very considerably, Vbut presently the magnetic density would increase faster than proportional to the increase of' current and so continue through a considerable period of increase until the iron approached magnetic saturatien, whereupon the increase-oi density' would again fall oii and be less than proportionate to the increase oeurrent, and as the point oi saturationv was more and more nearly reached. the density would fall ofi correspondingly more and more rapidly until presently increase of current Would be unaccompanied any increase of magnetic density. illustrating this principle: lf a magnet be Wound so comparatively .low as to induce only 10,000 lines ol" force per square inch when magnetized by a twenty milliampere current (the small end oi the battery commonly used in quadruplex telegraphy) and Jthis current were then increased to sixty in'illiamperes (representing the large end oi the battery) the magnetic density would be `found to have increased to 55,000'lines force per square inch, or iive and one-half times its former strength While the current strength had been increased only three times. It' another magnet be Wound so high that when excited by the small end of the same battery it would induce 100,000 lines of force per square rinch, it Wouldbe found roo that when the large end of the battery was applied the magnetic density had increased to only about 120,000 lines of force er square inch, or an increase of about one-'rfth while' the current strength had been trebled. lf, now, these two magnets were opposed to each other and excited by the same current it will be obvious that a soft iron amature placed between them would be vibrated toward the one or the other' depending upon theincrease or decrease of current strength, and this in fact is what occurs in a relay constructed in accordance with my invention.

Inthe accompanying drawings l have illustrated (partly diagrammatically) a prac#` tical and what l deem a preferred embod1- ment of the invention; only one end cretaarmature, as 2, 3, of each of which operates 'between a pair of Jiront and back contact screws as 4, 5 and 6, 7 respectively. Contacts 4 and 5 are connected with generators A and A' through resistance D and contacts 5 and 7 are connected similarly with generators B and B respectively through other resistance D. The coils oi' the pole-changer magnets C, C are included in series in a local circuit comprising a conductor 8, a battery 9 and a key 10, so that the :armatures 2 and 3 move together and in the saine direction.

E designates as a. whole the common transmitter, the armature 11 of which operates between the usual pair of contacts 12 and 13, which are respectively connected. with the armatures 2 and 3 of the pole-changers. The

coil oi transmitter E is included in a local circuit comprising a conductor 14, battery 15 and key 16. The parts thus far described are all constructed andarranged ina usual manner. Y

F designates as a whole a relay connected in the system shown in a manner corresponding to the connections of the usual neutral relay, and accordingly hereinafter designated as the neutral relay. This relay comprises two main magnet spools 17 and 18, each differentially wound as indicated at 19, 19 and 20, 20"; anarmature'21, interposed and pivoted lto vibrate between the poles ot' the two spools, and a pairof steadying ma ets 22 and 22 connected in series v1n a loca cir.- cuit comprising a conductor 23 and a battery 24. Armature 21 vibrates between contacts 25 and 25, the former of which is included in a local sounder circuit comprising a oonductor 26, battery l2.7, and sounder G.

H- designates as a Whole the polarized relay comprising the usual opposed magnet spools 28 and 29, armature 30, and back Contact 32 is included in a local sounder circuit 'comprising a conductor 33 having one end' connected with a contact 34 carried by the armature and its op osit-e end connected with the contact 31 an including a battery .34 and a sounder 1.

ates the main hne, which 1s con-y M desi 4 nected'wlth-armature 11 of the transmittter E, extends thence to and includes the wind- .ings 19 and 20 of the neutral relayrlboth wound in the same direction), thence extends 'to and includes the windings of magnet 29 of the polarized relayV and thence to the distant station. u

N v designates the `articial line which branches from the main line at apoint between transmitter' E andthe neutral relay, includes the windings 19 and 20 of the neutral relay, extends thence lto and includes the winding of the magnet 28 of the polarized relay, and thence passes to ground at 35 and front contacts, 31 and 32, respectively.

through the usual rheostat 36; a condenser being arranged in shunt with therheostat, as usual.

The differentially wound Spb-01 17 .of tile neutral relay F is constructedwith a corey containing a relatively large amount of iron, and is wound low as to both windings 19 and 19 so that a small current will have comparativelvsmall magnetizin effect upon this spool while it is capable o taking a comparat'ively lar e current and becoming magnetized to a re atively high degree of density. Accordingly this spool is shown as made relatively long and the turns of the windings comparatively few in number, as indicated by' the small diameter ofthe spool heads 17. The spool 18, on the contrary, is so constructiron in its core', and the core is Wound high as to both windings; this `construction being indicated by the short core and the spool heads 18 of relatively large diameter.

The steadying magnets 22 and 22 of this relay simply serve the purpose of holding the armature steadyagainstV vibration' during moments of no-mgnetism in the main spools. -To this end these magnets are of equal strength, symmetrically disposed' with reference to the vibrating end of tlie armature, 'so wound that theyoppose each other, and includedina closed circuit so that they are constantly energized.

The operation of the ap aratus constructed andv arranged as descri ed shouldbe entirely obvious from the foregoing description but may be described as follows: Assuming a messageto sent over the-polarized .ed as to have a relatively small amount of f. low voltage to line.

Astood manner.

side from the station shown, the pole-chang ing key 1() is operated. li'hen this key is open, armatures 2 and 3 engagecontacts-i e and (i, respectively, and, armature- 11 of transmitter' E being at this time inpl'igagenient with contact 12, the negative generator A ol low voltage is placed to line. When key 10 is closed, armatures 2 and 3 close, thus placing the positive generator ot inasmuch as the circuit from the two high voltage generators is this time open at contact 13, the latter generators are not concerned in the transmission over the polarized side. ll' a message is to be transmitted over the common side from the station shown, key 16 is operated. In the normal or open position of this key the negative low voltagegenerator A is placed to line through contact 4, armature 2, contact 12, and armature 11. closed the negative generator B of high 'voltage is placed to line through contact 6, armature contact 13, and armature 11. In other words, current. ot' 13G volts andfcurrent of 375 volts is placed alternately to line without changing the polarity. Neutral relay F being dii'lerentially wound as to both of its spools and haltet' the current goin-g to ground at 35 oi er the "artiiicial line and the other half over thernain line, it l'ollows that the neutral relay is unali'ected by current sent from the home station' whether it be increased or decreased, or reversedmin polarity. Furthermore because the artificial and the main line includes the windings y 28 and 29 of the polarized relay Hwhich are opposed to each other, the .latter instrument is unaffected by signals of either strength or polarity sent from the home station.

When the pole-changing key at the distant station is operated', the iolarized relay H will respond in the usualand -well under- In transmitting a message over the common sine, rthe low voltage generatoris normally closed to line as hereinbefore described, and accordingly the low voltage current flowing through the coils of the neutral relay will magnetize the high wound coil to a greater degree than it does the low wound coil, with the result that the armature 21 will normally be closed with front contact 25 `and the sounder G held in open position. "When the distant transmitter key 16 is closed, and the generator of higher voltage placed to line, the increase ol? current flowing through the two coils of the neutral relay will bring up the magnetic density of the low wound coil to such extent that it overpowers-the opposing high wound coil and the armature 21 will be drawn away from contact 25, thus closing the sounder circuitl and causing the signal.v The Inanner'in which the current of higher voltage causes the low wound coil to overpower the high wound coil has been hereinbefore fully and tending to move it.

W' hen key 16 is remains passive or without movement he-4 cause there is no exterior torce acting upon As hereinbefore stated, the inductively opposed windings, .and the iron cr fields magnetized thereby, may. he variously arranged to effect the vibration 'ot an artne-v ture under the inductive torce generatedv in two windings opposed to each other in aci cordance with the principle of this invert tion. For instance. it will. be obvious that polarization. ol'V the armature may be site ated hy including it in a 'field subject to L 'e induct-ive action of opposed high and low windings, in accordance with this invention. Therefore the appended claims are to he in- 'terpreted broadly except in so far asthey are made specific in terms.

l claim as my invention:

1. In a multiplex telegraph system, the' combination with a line wire "extending hetween stations, of a receiving and transmitting apparatus at each station, conn prising a neutral relay having an armature,

ice

and two main energizing coils, one composed of two differentially-disposed high wi ings, and the other of two differentially-disposed low windings, one of said high windings and the low winding of similar direction being included in series 1n said main. line, an artificial line connected with the main hne at each station, including the remaining two main windings of said neutral. relay in series and connected to ground., a sounder and sounder-circuit controlled by said neutral relay,a source of variable strength current g connected with saidmain line at each station, and transmitter mechanism comprising a magnet, an armature therefor, a transmitting key, and a transmitting key circuit controlling the flow of current to line.

2. Ina multiplex telegraph system, combination with a line wire exrendii the be tween stations, of a receiving and transf" mitting apparatusv at each station, comprising polarized relay and a neutral relay having an armature and two main energizing coils, one composed of two differentialL dispose( high windings, and the other of two dilterentially-disposed low windings, one of said high ,windings and the low whirling of .said-main line, and one coil of said polarized the n iain line yatea'chstation, including the therefor, a transmitting 'key and transmit-v combination wit 4relay.comprising an armature actuated solely main line, anartiiic'ial line, and suitable cirn s. .lar directng" in'luded inseries in relay being also `includedin'series in said main line, an artiticial 'line' connected with remaining two mainwindings of said neutral relay in series and the second coil o said polarized' relay, and connected to ground, aj sounder and sounder-circuit controlled' by said neutral relay, ,a sounderfand sonnde circuit controlled by said polarizedrelay, a source of variable'. strength current connected with said main line at'each station, a connnon or non polarized transinitter mechanisni .comprising a magnet,- an armature ting'` key circuit, and a polar transmitter mechanism com rising a magnet, an armature therefor, a ransmitting key and trans mitling key-circuit.

3. In a" multi lex. telegrapliv system, in

a'rline w-irc circuit andk means for transmitting current of two or more dierentiat'ed kinds over said circuit, a

by inductive forces and -r'nounted to remain l vpassive inall posi-tions whennot. subject to inductive force, a main energizin coil having two equal but opposite'ly-Woun high windings, 'a second main energizing coil having two equal but oppositely-wound low wind-- ings, suitable Acircuit-conductors connecting two of said coils of similar direction with the cuit-conductors connecting the other two of said windings with said artificial line. r

4. In a multi lex telegraph s stem the combination, wit a main line, o a station i ave-,312

lapparatus comprising,a neutral relay, said relay comprising an armature, two main energizing coils'arran'ged at op os'ite sides of the armature,'one ot said coil being composed ofV two differential high windings and -the other, of two diiierential low windings,

one of saidhigh windings and the low winding ofsimilar direction being included in series in said main line, an artiliciall line connected to the mainline, and'including the other high and low winding oi the neutral relay 1n series and connected to ground,

means for steadying the armature of said relaj,T during instants of no r'navnetisin, and a li'eceiving instrument controlled by said polarized relay, an artificial line connectedy 'with the main line, said artificial line including in series the other two windings of the neutral relay and the' other coil of the polarized relay,vmeans foi-.steadying the armature of the neutral relay during 1nstantsof no magnetism, and a receiving instrument controlled by the polarized relay. LAVRENCE CONIELL, Jn. WVitnesses: W. R. LrrzENBERG,

LAWRENCE CONNELL. 

